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📅CA Exams – September 2025 Datesheet Datesheet for September 2025 exams has been released by the Institute of Chartered Accountants of India (ICAI) on 30th May 2025.  Because of this announcement, lakhs of CA aspirants preparing for the Foundation, Intermediate and Final exams have gained the much-needed clarity with respect to the exam schedule. We will help you arrange your study pattern by laying out the exam schedule, main deadlines and important points to remember for a good exam season. CA Final: Paper No. Subject Name Date Of Exam Exam Time (IST) Duration Paper 1 Financial Reporting 3rd September 2025 2 PM – 5 PM 3 Hours Paper 2 Advanced Financial Management 6th September 2025 2 PM – 5 PM 3 Hours Paper 3 Advanced Auditing, Assurance and Professional Ethics 8th September 2025 2 PM – 5 PM 3 Hours Paper 4 Direct Tax Laws and International Taxation 10th September 2025 2 PM – 5 PM 3 Hours Paper 5 Indirect Tax Laws 12th September 2025 2 PM – 5 PM 3 Hours Paper 6 Integrated Business Solutions {Multi-Disciplinary Case Study With Strategic Management} 14th September 2025 Content2 PM – 6 PM 4 Hours CA Intermediate: Paper No. Subject Name Date Of Exam Exam Time (IST) Duration Paper 1 Advanced Accounting 4th September 2025 2 PM to 5 PM 3 Hours Paper 2 Corporate and Other Laws 7th September 2025 2 PM to 5 PM 3 Hours Paper 3 Taxation 9th September 2025 2 PM to 5 PM 3 Hours Paper 4 Cost and Management Accounting 11th September 2025 2 PM to 5 PM 3 Hours Paper 5 Auditing and Ethics 13th September 2025 2 PM to 5 PM 3 Hours Paper 6 Financial Management and Strategic Management 15th September 2025 2 PM to 5 PM 3 Hours CA Foundation: Paper No. Subject Name Date of Exam Exam Time (IST) Duration Paper 1 Accounting 16th September 2025 2 PM to 5 PM 3 Hours Paper 2 Business Laws 18th September 2025 2 PM to 5 PM 3 Hours Paper 3 Quantitative Aptitude {Complete MCQs Based Exam) 20th September 2025 2 PM to 4 PM 2 Hours Paper 4 Business Economics {Complete MCQs Based Exam) 22th September 2025 2 PM to 4 PM 2 Hours Note:  In all the exams at all levels , an advance reading time of 15 minutes will be given from 1.45 PM to 2 PM (IST) additionally.  However, the reading time of 15 minutes shall not be given for Papers 3 & 4 of Foundation Examination because they are purely MCQs based papers. ca exams september 2025 datesheet 📌TIMELINES FOR SUBMISSION OF EXAMINATION APPLICATION FORMS: Details Dates Commencement of submission of online examination application forms 5th July 2025 [Saturday] Last date for submission of online examination application forms (without late fees) 18th July 2025 [Friday] Last date for submission of online examination application forms (with late fees of ₹ 600) 21st July 2025 [Monday] Students seeking change of examination city/medium, the correction window for the examination forms already filled will be available during the dates mentioned 22nd July 2025 [Tuesday] To 24th July 2025 [Thursday] Examination Fees: Final Course Examination For Indian Centre(s) Single Group (Group 1 Or Group 2) ₹ 1800 Both Groups ₹ 3300 For Bhutan & Kathmandu Centre(s) Single Group (Group 1 Or Group 2) INR ₹ 2200 Both Groups INR ₹ 4000 Intermediate Course Examination For Indian Centre(s) Single Group (Group 1 Or Group 2) ₹ 1500 Both Groups ₹ 2700 For Bhutan & Kathmandu Centre(s) Single Group (Group 1 Or Group 2) INR ₹ 2200 Both Groups INR ₹ 3400 Foundation Course Examination For Indian Centre(s) ₹ 1500 For Bhutan & Kathmandu Centre(s) INR ₹ 2200 📝OPTION TO ANSWER PAPERS IN HINDI: Candidates of Foundation, Intermediate & Final Examinations will be allowed to opt for English / Hindi medium for answering papers. Detailed information will be found in guidance notes hosted at https://eservices.icai.org  The Candidates are advised to note the above and stay in touch with the website of the Institute, www.icai.org .  FINAL WORDS: “With the CA September 2025 date sheet officially released, this is your signal to double down on your studies, fine-tune your strategy, and stay consistent. Remember, success in CA doesn’t come from last-minute preparation — it’s built day-by-day.” FAQs Frequently Asks Questions How much does it cost to register for ca Foundation September 2025? The CA Foundation September 2025 registration fee is ₹9,000 for Indian students. This fee covers the registration for the course itself. In addition to the registration fee, there’s also an exam form fee of ₹1,500. You need to pay this fee at the time of submitting your exam application. It’s crucial to pay before the deadline to avoid late fees. Is there a CA final exam in september 2025? The Institute of Chartered Accountants of India (ICAI) has officially announced the examination schedule for the CA September 2025 session. The exams will be conducted from September 3 to 22, 2025, covering all three levels: Final, Intermediate, and Foundation courses. What are the dates for CA Foundation September 2025 exams? The CA Foundation exam of September 2025 session will be held from September 16 to 22, 2025. The dates are: Paper 1: September 16, 2025 Paper 2: September 18, 2025 Paper 3: September 20, 2025 Paper 4: September 22, 2025  When to register for ca foundation september 2025 exams? The registration for the CA Foundation September 2025 exam will begin on July 5, 2025. The last date to register without a late fee is July 18, 2025, and with a late fee, it’s July 21, 2025. 

⚖️How To Manage CA Studies With Articleship Studying Chartered Accountant (CA) requires both significant effort and brings substantial benefit to students. The CA-Intermediate certification leads you into an articleship phase where you gain practical knowledge that is essential for the field. However, it can be quite difficult to balance studies for CA-Final with articleship. But don’t worry, you can effectively handle both if you have the correct plan, discipline, and attitude. This comprehensive guide will show you how to balance your articleship with CA studies. Understand the Importance of Both🧠 The first step is acknowledging the importance of both CA studies and articleships: By doing studies, students develop the understanding they need to deal with complicated accounting, taxation and auditing challenges. Articleship gives you the opportunity to work with businesses, employ your knowledge, solve problems and be noticed by professionals. They are of equal value, as they prepare a capable and ethical CA to provide quality financial services to meet industry needs. It is essential to balance them; it is not a choice. 1. Create a Study Schedule📝 Planning is the first and most crucial step in handling CA studies with articleship. It’s simple to become confused or overburdened in the absence of a clear timetable. How to Create a Study Timetable: Examine your working hours: The schedule you have will probably be set by your articleship. Choose specific periods available for studying during these times whether they occur on weekends or during early mornings or late nights. Set up specific time periods for studying: You should choose specific periods for study that match your committed time. Students should maintain consistent studying habits no matter how long they spend on their academics each day. Make weekly and monthly objectives: Divide your syllabus into manageable sections. Try to finish a certain chapter or topic every week. Give priority to subjects with a high weight: Concentrate on the subjects that you find challenging or that have a higher exam weight. Spend more time on them while making sure you cover every topic. ca studies with articleship 2. Optimize Study Time⏱️ Working smarter, not harder, is the key to success in CA Studies with Articleship, where time is limited. Pay more attention to effectiveness than the amount of time you spend studying. How to Optimize Study Time: Apply the Pomodoro Technique: Take brief breaks from studying, such a 5-minute break after a 60-75-minute concentrated study session. By doing this, burnout is avoided and focus is maintained. Active recall: Instead of passively reading textbooks, test yourself on the material. Active recall helps you better understand the concepts and enhances retention. Revise regularly: Make it a practice to go over your studies once every few days. By doing this, the content is reinforced and forgetfulness is avoided. Take advantage of technology: When you have free time during your lunch break or while moving between locations, listen to audiobooks as well as podcasts or lectures that have been recorded. Important Point – When you have at least 3 to 4 hours, Make sure to read the ICAI study material. 3. Stay Motivated🌟 The CA path is lengthy, and self-doubt is typical. Be in the company of: Peer groups that are positive.   ca studies with articleship Stories from other CAs that inspire you. A reminder that becoming a Chartered Accountant is your long-term objective. 4. Maintaining Well-Being🧘‍♂️ The stress of managing CA Studies with Articleship can easily become overwhelming, but your physical and emotional well-being should always be your top priority. A mind that is overworked and worried will not be able to remember things or function effectively at work. Tips to Maintain Well-Being: Don’t compromise on sleep: The brain requires proper rest to function properly. You must obtain 7-8 hours of nighttime rest to remain both physically and mentally prepared for work and academic tasks. Eat healthy and hydrate: A nutritious food source gives your physical and mental systems energy. Your meals should contain whole grains, proteins, and an abundance of fruits and vegetables. Your hydration needs require you to drink sufficient water throughout each daytime period. ca studies with articleship Exercise regularly: Physical exercise including a simple walk for 20 minutes helps decrease stress while improving concentration abilities. Exercise on a regular basis maintains your mind and energy levels up. 5. Stay Consistent and Avoid Procrastination⏳ A common challenge for many CA students is postponing tasks until the last minute while managing both academic and work responsibilities. When you’re behind on your CA studies with articleship, you often end up rushing to complete everything before deadlines. This not only impacts your exam scores but also adds unnecessary stress to your work environment. How to stay consistent: Break your study and work tasks into small, manageable chunks. Use daily or weekly to-do lists to track progress. ca studies with articleship Reward yourself after completing goals to stay motivated. Final Words Achieving a balance in CA Studies with Articleship requires patience, dedication, and strategic preparation. You can succeed like many other students who have followed this path. Exams are only one aspect of your CA path; another is developing into a professional with the ability to lead, multitask, and handle pressure. Maintain your attention. Your hard work will be rewarded. FAQs Frequently Asks Questions Is there any interview for CA Articleship? Yes, interviews are a part of the majority of articleship placements for chartered accountants (CAs). Employers use this interview to evaluate applicants’ abilities, expertise, and suitability for the position. Do we get a salary during Articleship? Yes, A stipend is paid during a CA Articleship. Based on variables like location and training level, the Institute of Chartered Accountants of India (ICAI) sets a minimum stipend amount. What does a CA student do in an articleship? A CA articleship allows students to apply their theoretical knowledge to real-world scenarios while working under the supervision of a qualified CA. This entails helping with a number of duties, such as financial statement preparation, taxation, auditing, and ROC compliance.

⚠️Common Mistakes In CA Exams Becoming a Chartered Accountant requires a challenging journey through several tests. The CA exams evaluate your knowledge but also test your ability to handle time effectively along with your discipline and consistency and mental endurance. It is one of the most demanding examination systems in India. Every attempt is high-stakes. Each cycle brings a flood of hopeful candidates, but only a few reach the other side. What separates the achievers from the rest? Sometimes, the problem lies elsewhere—not just in preparation. Even well-prepared students can face setbacks due to common mistakes in CA exams that should be avoided. Everything essential relating to mistakes faced by CA exam candidates will be discussed while presenting important guidance to prevent them. 1. Poor Time Management⏰ Time management stands as the primary obstacle that students encounter during their studies. Having a clear plan to handle time will make the extensive CA exam syllabus more manageable. Students who devote too much time or delay important topics within their coursework end up performing poorly throughout the entire academic year. 2. Ignoring the ICAI Study Material📚 Many students search multiple reference materials and digital resources as they attempt to study all topics included in the curriculum. One of the common mistakes in CA exams is ignoring ICAI study material while getting lost in too many additional resources, which often causes confusion rather than clarity. The ICAI study materials serve to deliver comprehensive coverage of the syllabus so any neglect may result in extensive knowledge deficiency. common mistakes in ca exams 3. Not Practicing Mock Tests📝 Students who avoid taking practice exams deny themselves the chance to understand exam structure and test duration conditions which apply to real exam situations. Students usually avoid mock tests or they do not give these tests the proper attention they need. 4. Skipping Revision🔄 ​​Students tend to neglect revision during their exam preparation phase, although it forms an important fundamental aspect. Many students make one of the common mistakes in CA exams by prioritizing new topics over revision. Students who do not perform frequent review sessions will experience difficulties remembering important details, which results in a performance decline during examinations. common mistakes in ca exams 5. Not Understanding The Exam Pattern📊 The Chartered Accountancy exams are structured to assess not only your theoretical knowledge but also your proficiency in applying that knowledge within the limitations of time. Not knowing the exam pattern is a common mistakes in CA exams that leads to confusion during the test and poor time management. Understanding the design of questions, the relative importance of each section, and appropriate time management is key to preparing an effective examination strategy. 6. Leaving Important Topics For Last Minute⏳ Most students face problems with procrastination throughout their academic careers. Students delay essential subjects right until the deadline, leading to rushed revision efforts that produce both poor results and failure to understand the material. Because the CA syllabus is so complicated, last-minute cramming is ineffective. During the exam, last-minute preparation frequently causes anxiety and makes it difficult to remember material. 7. Underestimating The Importance Of Health🤒 Ignoring health while preparing is a common mistakes in CA exams that can hurt your scores. Students often make academic progress their top priority during the preparatory phase by neglecting both exercise and required sleep time which leads to decline in their physical and mental state. When you are sick, your ability to focus decreases while your stress elevates and your ability to remember information reduces thus affecting your test performance. 8. Incomplete Understanding Of Concepts📉 Success in the CA exams requires not just memorized knowledge but also complete understanding of concepts. Neglecting conceptual clarity and depending only on memorization is a common mistakes in CA exams, especially in subjects like Accounting, Taxation, and Auditing. Students who do not grasp concepts well enough make incorrect practical test answers and score poorly on questions that require applications. Conclusion The avoidance of these standard mistakes will enhance your preparations for the CA exams to boost your exam success. The key elements for best performance in the CA exams include effective time management, together with regular revision habits and complete familiarity with the exam structure along with maintaining a balanced lifestyle. Students should focus on learning the ICAI material through practice tests while achieving full comprehension of every concept. Remember that the CA exam requires patients over a sustained period rather than fast completion. Advanced planning combined with the avoidance of typical errors will provide you with an advantage to achieve success. The path toward chartered accountancy success brings my wishes for your good fortune. common mistakes in ca exams FAQs Frequently Asks Questions Which is the toughest stage in the CA exam? CA Final is widely regarded as the toughest stage due to its complexity and depth, many students also struggle with CA Inter because it’s the first real test of applying core concepts. How can I pass the CA exam easily? A combination of focused study, calculated planning, and real-world experience is essential for passing the CA exam. Pay close attention to the material, make a thorough study schedule, and practice frequently using past papers and mock exams. Do CA attempts matter? Yes, the number of attempts to pass the CA exams can have an impact, especially for prestigious organizations or career tracks like those in Big Four corporations. How can I avoid silly mistakes in practical papers? To avoid silly mistakes in practical papers, focus on-  i) Thoroughly Read the Instructions and Questions  ii) Careful Execution iii) Review and Double-Check iv) Stay Calm and Focused

CA vs ACCA: What’s Right for Your Career in 2025? Among the professional accounting qualifications, CA (Chartered Accountant) and ACCA (Association of Chartered Certified Accountants) are two of the most popular and known certificates. But the majority of students get confused between the two for a brighter future. In this blog on CA vs ACCA, we’ll break down the differences in terms of salary, difficulty level, career prospects, and global opportunities to help you choose the course that suits you best. What is CA? Chartered Accountancy (CA) is India’s most popular and highly regarded professional accountancy qualification. It is regulated by the Institute of Chartered Accountants of India (ICAI). CA professionals are tax experts, auditors, financial managers, and business law experts — especially in India. It is well known to have tough exams and a tough training process. What is ACCA? ACCA is a world-renowned professional accountancy qualification offered by the Association of Chartered Certified Accountants (UK). ACCA focuses on global finance, accountancy, auditing, and management principles on an IFRS basis (International Financial Reporting Standards). This course is most appropriate for students who want to pursue an international career in accounting and finance. Eligibility for CA and ACCA For CA, you must have passed your 12th standard (commerce stream preferred, but any stream will do). To pursue ACCA study, you must have passed your 12th standard with 65% marks in English, Accounts/Mathematics, and 50% in the remaining subjects. In the CA vs ACCA comparison, it’s important to note that both courses are also provided for graduates. CA vs ACCA: Understanding the Course Structure of Both Chartered Accountant: – CA Foundation Papers: Paper 1- Accounting Paper 2- Business Laws Paper 3- Quantitative Aptitude  Business Mathematics  Logical reasoning Statistics Paper 4- Business Economics – CA Intermediate Papers: Group 1: Paper 1- Advanced Accounting Paper 2- Corporate & Other Laws Paper 3- Taxation              Section A- Income Tax Law              Section B- Indirect Taxes Group 2: Paper 4- Cost and Management Accounting Paper 5- Auditing and Ethics Paper 6A- Financial Management Paper 6B- Strategic Management – CA Final Papers: Group 1: Paper 1- Financial Reporting Paper 2- Advanced Financial Management Paper 3- Advanced Auditing, Assurance and  Professional Ethics Group 2: Paper 4- Direct Tax Laws and International Taxation Paper 5- Indirect Tax Laws Paper 6- Integrated Business Solutions Association of Chartered Certified Accountants: – Applied Knowledge (3 Papers) – Basic Accounting  BT (Business & Technology)   MA (Management Accounting)   FA (Financial Accounting)  – Applied Skills (6 Papers) – Core Accounting & Finance LW (Corporate & Business Law)   PM (Performance Management)   TX (Taxation)   FR (Financial Reporting)   AA (Audit & Assurance)   FM (Financial Management) – Strategic Professional (4 Papers) – Advanced Level Essentials (2 Papers): SBL (Strategic Business Leader) – Case Study   SBR (Strategic Business Reporting) Options (Choose 2 out of 4): AFM (Advanced Financial Management)   APM (Advanced Performance Management)   ATX (Advanced Taxation)   AAA (Advanced Audit & Assurance) CA and ACCA duration CA is approximately 3.5 to 4 years if you clear all exams at once. ACCA typically will take 2 to 3 years, depending on your exemptions and attempts at exams. Difficulty Level: CA vs ACCA – Which One is Harder? CA is one of the most difficult professional exams in the world, especially in India, with very low pass rates of between 10% and 15% at the Final level. ACCA is relatively easier, with pass rates of 40% to 50%. Its modular exam structure and global syllabus give it greater flexibility for students. When comparing the difficulty of CA vs ACCA, it’s evident that CA is more challenging than ACCA. CA and ACCA Fees The overall cost of CA in India ranges from ₹3 Lakhs to ₹3.5 Lakhs, including registration fees, coaching, books, and exam fees. The overall cost of pursuing ACCA ranges from ₹2.5 Lakhs to ₹3.5 Lakhs, depending on your location, exam center, and exemptions. Comparison of Salary in India New CA professionals in India can receive ₹7 LPA to ₹9 LPA on average. Experienced ones can receive up to ₹12 LPA to ₹25+ LPA. New ACCA professionals in India typically begin at ₹5 LPA to ₹7 LPA. Experienced ones can receive up to ₹10 LPA to ₹20+ LPA, especially in MNCs and Big 4 audit firms. Exploring Career Scope in India: A CA vs ACCA Overview CA professionals are highly in demand in India for careers in taxation, auditing, internal controls, corporate finance, and compliance. Most in-demand job roles are: Chartered Accountant Tax Consultant Auditor CFO Financial Controller ACCA professionals are highly valued in MNCs, international finance operations, and IFRS-based businesses. Most in-demand job roles are  – Financial Analyst  – Management Accountant  – Internal Auditor  – Finance Manager  – IFRS Specialist Global Recognition CA is well-valued in India but has limited international recognition. ACCA is recognized globally in more than 180 countries and is the most sought-after for international finance, audit, and management roles. If you’re aiming for a global career, ACCA vs CA suggests that ACCA might be the better choice. Which is Better for You: CA or ACCA? If you wish to develop your career in India, like to deal with Indian tax laws, and want to secure top finance positions in Indian firms, CA is an apt choice. If you want global exposure, mobility, and career development in MNCs or abroad, ACCA is appropriate. To secure the brightest career paths in India and overseas, a few students decide to take on both CA and ACCA, a strategy often considered in the CA vs ACCA comparison. Final Verdict In the CA vs ACCA comparison, both qualifications are excellent, but the right choice ultimately depends on your career aspirations. Choose CA if you want a stable, lucrative career in India with specializations in tax, auditing, and corporate finance. Choose ACCA if you would like global finance career opportunities, global career opportunities, and free-choice study procedures. Important Tip: In the CA vs ACCA journey, if you have control over your time and financial resources, pursuing both qualifications can give you the best

CMA vs CA: Which is Better in 2025? CMA vs CA is a frequent comparison, as both CA (Chartered Accountant) and CMA (Certified Management Accountant) are two of the most popular professional certifications in finance and accounting. Both these certifications lead to well-paying careers and career growth, but they suit different career prospects. Assume that you are uncertain whether to study CA or CMA in 2025. In this scenario, this article will give you a step-by-step comparison based on exam difficulty level, course structure, job opportunity, pay, global acceptance, and many more. Upon reading this blog, you will have a clear idea of which career path is suitable for you. 1. What are CA and CMA? What is a CA (Chartered Accountant)? CA is a highly respected Indian professional qualification in the area of accounts & finance granted by the Institute of Chartered Accountants of India (ICAI). A  Chartered Accountant is a professional expert in auditing, taxation, corporate finance, and financial reporting. A CA must be responsible for financial documents, conducting audits, handling taxation, and complying with financial laws. They may be independent practitioners, corporate finance experts, or government department officials. What is a CMA (Certified Management Accountant)? CMA in India is a professional certification awarded by the Institute of Cost Accountants of India (ICMAI). A CMA is an expert in cost accounting, financial management, budgeting, pricing strategy, and overall cost control. CMAs focus on improving internal cost efficiency and supporting management in strategic decision-making. Their role is especially crucial in manufacturing sectors, PSUs, infrastructure industries, FMCG companies, and large-scale organizations where managing costs is key to success. 2. Course Duration and Exam Difficulty CA Course Structure & Duration The CA course is divided into three levels: Foundation Course: Paper 1: Accounting                                           (100 Marks) Paper 2: Business Laws                                    (100 Marks)       Paper 3: Quantitative Aptitude                         (100 Marks) – Business Mathematics – Logical Reasoning – Statistics Paper 4: Business Economics                           (100 Marks) 👉 Check out detailed guide of CA Foundation Papers  Intermediate Course:                                                     Group I             Paper 1:  Advanced Accounting                       (100 Marks)             Paper 2: Corporate and other Laws                 (100 Marks)             Paper 3: Taxation              Section A – Income-Tax Law                     (50 Marks)             Section B – Indirect Taxes                          (50 Marks)             Group II             Paper 4:  Cost and Management Accounting  (100 Marks)             Paper 5: Auditing and Ethics                               (100 Marks)             Paper 6A: Financial Management                  (50 Marks)             Paper 6B: Strategic Management                        (50 Marks) 👉 Check out detailed guide of CA Intermediate Papers  Final Course:                                                                        Group I              Paper 1: Financial Reporting                                (100 Marks)              Paper 2: Advanced Financial Management     (100 Marks)              Paper 3: Advanced Auditing, Assurance, and Professional Ethics                                                                                    (100 Marks) Group II               Paper 4: Direct Tax Laws and International Taxation (100 Marks)               Paper 5: Indirect Tax Laws                                   (100 Marks)               Paper 6: Integrated Business Solutions             (100 Marks) The most important requirement of the CA course is 2 years of mandatory Articleship with a practicing CA. This makes the total duration of the CA course 3.5 – 4 years, depending on whether you pass all levels on the first attempt. CMA Course Structure & Duration: The CMA course is also divided into three levels: Foundation Course:                                                        (400 Marks) Paper 1: Fundamentals of Business Laws and Business Communication (FBLC) Paper 2: Fundamentals of Financial and Cost Accounting (FFCA) Paper 3: Fundamentals of Business Mathematics and Statistics (FBMS) Paper 4: Fundamentals of Business Economics and Management (FBEM) Intermediate Course:                                                    (800 Marks) Group I             Paper 5: Business Laws and Ethics (BLE)             Paper 6: Financial Accounting (FA)             Paper 7: Direct and Indirect Taxation (DITX)             Paper 8: Cost Accounting (CA) Group II             Paper 9: Operations Management and Strategic Management (OMSM)             Paper 10: Corporate Accounting and Auditing (CAA)             Paper 11: Financial Management and Business Data Analytics (FMDA)             Paper 12: Management Accounting (MA) Final Course:                                                                       (800 Marks) Group III              Paper 13: Corporate and Economic Laws (CEL)              Paper 14: Strategic Financial Management (SFM)              Paper 15: Direct Tax Laws and International Taxation (DIT)              Paper 16: Strategic Cost Management (SCM) Group IV               Paper 17: Cost and Management Audit (CMAD)               Paper 18: Corporate Financial Reporting (CFR)               Paper 19: Indirect Tax Laws and Practice (ITLP)               Paper 20: One of the following subjects Paper 20A: Strategic Performance Management and Business Valuation (SPMBV) Paper

Association of Chartered Certified Accountants (ACCA) The Association of Chartered Certified Accountants (ACCA) has existed for over a century as an international professional organization that provides qualifications and standards advancement for accountancy worldwide while focusing on developing essential skills for accounting and finance careers among diverse members and students. The following text explains what Association of Chartered Certified Accountants represents and demonstrates its transformative power for accounting trainees while showing its pathway to career fulfillment and professional success. The Association of Chartered Certified Accountants (ACCA) represents a UK program that enjoys recognition throughout 180 countries. Association of Chartered Certified Accountants operates as a UK-based program that maintains its recognition across more than 180 international territories. The Organisation began in 1904 with its current membership numbers set at 2,52,500 among 5,26,000 students, while being the fourth largest professional accounting group globally. ACCA operates its main administrative office in Glasgow, and its headquarters are in London, United Kingdom. The organization aims to supply professionals with essential financial skills and business growth capabilities. Association of Chartered Certified Accountants operates as a worldwide professional accounting organization that delivers training and accreditation to finance and accounting professionals. The financial industry requires the Association of Chartered Certified Accountants certification because it leads to positions in consulting, along with auditing and taxation and accounting, and finance roles. The Association of Chartered Certified Accountants gives its members signing privileges to operate in more than 180 nations throughout the world. Through principles-based regulation and appropriate member regulation, Association of Chartered Certified Accountants works to benefit the public sector. Through global research and forward-thinking stances on worldwide issues, it seeks to elevate the profession’s value, reputation, and global influence. Why Choose Association Of Chartered Certified Accountants (ACCA) Global Recognition: The Association of Chartered Certified Accountants is widely recognised, which is one of the main reasons prospective accountants choose it. With members in more than 180 countries, ACCA serves as a global passport to employment prospects. Flexible Learning and Examination Options: Online courses, on-demand or sessions, computer-based examinations (CBEs), and part-time classes are just a few of the flexible learning and testing alternatives that Association of Chartered Certified Accountants provides. Comprehensive Curriculum: Association of Chartered Certified Accountants delivers its curriculum across a wide spectrum of accounting and finance content, which creates valuable proficiency skills that employers strongly desire. Continuous Professional Development (CPD): The Association of Chartered Certified Accountants supports lifelong improvement of its members through Continuous Professional Development (CPD) programs. Academic professional development forms a keystone of ACCA membership because it keeps members regularly updated with modern industry practices and methodological developments. Career Growth: You can progress to more senior roles like Financial Manager, Chief Financial Officer, or partner in a Professional Firm with the solid career progression foundation that Association of Certified Chartered Accountants offers.  The ACCA Qualification Structure There are three exam levels of ACCA: 1. Applied Knowledge Level In Knowledge Level, there are three papers which are on-demand papers – Business And Technology (BT) Management Accounting (MA) Financial Accounting (FA) 2. Applied Skill Level The six papers are arranged by skill level – Corporate and Business Law (LW)  Performance Management (PM)  Taxation (TX)  Financial Reporting (FR)  Audit and Assurance (AA)  Financial Management (FM) 3. Strategic Professional Level There are two required exams at the professional level – Strategic Business Leader; and  Strategic Business Reporting And Two Optional Exams chosen from – Advanced Financial Management  Advanced Performance Management  Advanced Taxation; and  Advanced Audit and Assurance How Long Does It Take To Complete ACCA? Usually, completing the Association of Chartered Certified Accountants qualification takes 3 to 4 years. Here’s a more comprehensive overview: Exams – It’s possible to finish all the Association of Chartered Certified Accountants exams in just two years, but doing so demands a focused study schedule and can be tough to manage alongside work or other responsibilities. Practical Experience – Becoming an Association of Chartered Certified Accountants member requires a minimum of three years of practical experience in a related field. Exemptions – Depending on their previous studies, some students can finish Association of Chartered Certified Accountants faster by receiving exam exemptions. Study Pace – The Association of Chartered Certified Accountants program is built with flexibility in mind, letting you study according to your own schedule. Even though the exams alone could be completed in two years, the full Association of Chartered Certified Accountants journey, including work experience, usually spans 3 to 4 years. Membership Benefits Of The Association Of Chartered Certified Accountants (ACCA) Once enrolled as a member, you belong to the most progressive professional accounting association in the world. Members of Association of Chartered Certified Accountants are acknowledged as financial experts with highly valued professional abilities and moral principles. You’re determined to reach your full potential, seize every chance, and define success according to your standards. Members access improved professional potential alongside leadership positions and increased compensation through the platform. In addition to career guidance and job-board services, they are also entitled to various event/course discounts, offered from time to time. Conclusion The Association of Chartered Certified Accountants represents both ethical conduct and professional expertise in the industry because this organization maintains superior qualifications with strict attentiveness. Here you get globally recognized. The membership afforded by Association of Chartered Certified Accountants provides professionals with work opportunities in 180 different countries for international career prospects. ACCA members hold professional opportunities within India as well as international markets, whereas their employment focus lies in companies that handle accounting and financial work. FAQs Frequently Asks Questions Who is eligible for ACCA in India? Candidates must have finished their higher secondary education (10+2) and be at least 18 years old in order to be eligible for the ACCA qualification in India. Can a 12th pass apply for ACCA? You can apply for ACCA if you have a 12th grade diploma. Students from any stream can become eligible for ACCA as long as they fulfil the qualifying conditions, which include earning at least 50% in other subjects and 65% in English

CA After Graduation: A Complete 2025 Guide Are you thinking about pursuing CA after graduation? Don’t worry—we’ve got you covered. Whether you’re a B.Com Graduate or come from a non-commerce background, this guide will provide you the complete process of becoming a Chartered Accountant after graduation via the Direct Entry Route. Routes To Becoming a CA Some students choose to pursue CA right after 12th grade, while others choose it after graduation. There are two main routes to becoming a Chartered Accountant: The CA Foundation Route: Students who pursue CA after 12th are required to complete the Foundation level. The CA Direct Entry Route: Students who pursue CA after graduation can directly start from the Intermediate level. The CA Direct Entry route is also open to applicants who have passed the Institute of Company Secretaries of India (ICSI) or the Institute of Cost Accountants of India’s (ICAI) Intermediate level exam. Final Year Candidates can use the CA Direct Entry route if they are in their final year of graduation. Table of Contents Eligibility Criteria CA Course Duration After Graduation Step-by-Step Process to Become a CA After Graduation Final Thoughts FAQs About CA After Graduation Eligibility Criteria for CA After Graduation To take the Direct Entry Route and start directly from the CA Intermediate level, the following minimum marks are required: Commerce Graduates/Postgraduates: Minimum 55% marks Non-Commerce Graduates/Postgraduates: Minimum 60% marks This includes degrees in humanities, science, arts, etc. CA Course Duration After Graduation Here is a breakdown of the CA course duration: 8 months: Study period for CA Intermediate 4 weeks: ICITSS (Information Technology and Soft Skills) 2 years: Articleship training 4 weeks: AICITSS (Advanced IT & Soft Skills) 6 months: Study period for CA Final  Total Duration: 3.5 to 4 years after graduation Step-by-Step Process for CA After Graduation 1. Register for CA Intermediate via Direct Entry Visit the ICAI official website, fill out the Direct Entry registration form, upload your graduation certificate, and pay the prescribed registration fees. You can also go directly to the ICAI Direct Entry Scheme page to begin. For the proper registration process, check out our Online Registration for the CA Intermediate Course. 2. Prepare for CA Intermediate After registration, you’re required to complete a 8-month study period to prepare for the CA Intermediate exams, which are divided into 2 groups containing 3 papers each. These exam formats include both multiple-choice and descriptive questions, demanding thorough preparation. For helpful strategies, check out our CA Intermediate Study Tips. 3. Complete ICITSS Before beginning your articleship, you must complete the ICITSS, a mandatory 4-week course focused on Information Technology and soft skills, aimed at equipping you with essential workplace competencies. 4. Begin Articleship Upon passing both groups of  CA Intermediate exams and completing ICITSS, you will begin a 2-year articleship under the supervision of a licensed Chartered Accountant. This journey provides practical training and exposure in key areas such as taxation, auditing, accounting, and corporate laws. Wondering where to start? Explore our guide to Top Articleship Firms in India. 5. Complete AICITSS Following your articleship, you must complete the AICITSS—a 4-week advanced course that builds upon your previous training in IT and soft skills. Completion of this course is a prerequisite for attempting the CA Final exams. 6. Register for CA Final Once you have completed your articleship and AICITSS, you must register for the CA Final course. It is recommended to dedicate around 6 months to study and prepare for the final level. Visit the ICAI Final Course page for details. 7. Pass CA Final Exams The CA Final exam’s structure is similar to the Intermediate level, with 2 groups of 3 papers each. These exams are known for their complexity and require strategic preparation, mock test practice, and subject mastery. Clearing both groups qualifies you as a Chartered Accountant. Final Thoughts Pursuing CA after graduation is a smart career move with strong financial and professional rewards. The journey demands commitment, patience, and smart planning. Courses like ICITSS and AICITSS are designed to make you industry-ready. Start today and take the first step toward becoming a qualified Chartered Accountant! FAQs Frequently Asks Questions Can I do CA after graduation without Foundation? Yes, through the Direct Entry Route, you can skip CA Foundation and start from Intermediate. Is CA after BCom a good option? Absolutely. A commerce background aligns well with CA subjects and offers better understanding. What is the salary expectation after completing CA? A qualified CA’s starting salary ranges from INR 6–10 LPA, depending on skills, firm, and experience. What are the obstacles in CA after graduation? Intense preparation Consistency in the study Time management during articleship and exams

ICAI CA Final Exams Now Thrice a Year: What Aspirants Need to Know ICAI Important Announcement: CA Final Exams To Be Held Three Times a Year In a big announcement, the Institute of Chartered Accountants of India (ICAI) has decided to introduce a significant change in the pattern of the CA Final examination. From 2025, candidates can appear for the CA Final exams three times a year, instead of the earlier biannual schedule in May and November. ICAI important announcement states that the new time slots for attempts will be in January, May, and September. This move is in line with international best practices and is intended to give more flexibility and opportunities to Chartered Accountancy students. Let’s see the effect of this change, the advantages, disadvantages, and what it implies for future CAs.  “For the official announcement and detailed press release by ICAI, click here” Why Did ICAI Make This Change? ICAI’s move to allow more attempts at CA Final Exams is a strategic step to improve the CA qualification system. The major reasons are: Global Alignment: Many global accounting institutes hold their examinations several times a year, and ICAI is also taking the same route now. Lesser Stress for Students: The half-year waiting time between attempts usually puts the students under stress. This move lessens that pressure. Greater Opportunity to Pass: Now, the students have three chances within a year to clear the exam, with which they can finish their CA studies quickly. Improved Career Advancement: Frequent exams ensure that students who fail an attempt don’t have to wait for six more months to advance their careers. 6 Highlights Of The New CA Final Exam Schedule   The following are the key points about the new exam schedule: Effective From: 2025 and onwards New Exam Months: January, May, and September Current Schedule: Until 2024, CA Final exams will be held in May and November Eligibility Criteria: No alterations; students would still have to do their 2-year articleship and clear CA Intermediate in both groups. Implementation Details Unknown: ICAI has not clarified from which exact attempt this rule will be made effective and in what manner it will be executed. Syllabus Changes Not Known: Whether the syllabus will also be changed along with this alteration has not yet been made clear. This change is anticipated to make the CA course student-centric while upholding its tough standards. Benefits Of CA Final Exams Conducted Three Times a Year This amendment entails various benefits to CA aspirants. Let’s discuss the prime benefits: 1. Greater Chance To Clear The Exam Previously, students were allowed to appear for the CA Final exam only twice a year. With three chances now in a year, failing students can attempt again earlier as the overall period spent on the qualification process shortens. 2. Shorter Waiting Time Between Attempts Earlier, if a student failed in May, they had to wait until November. Today, the waiting period is cut short to four months, enabling students to remain motivated and engaged. 3. Quick Career Advancement With another window for the exam, students can join the job market or begin their own CA practice earlier rather than waiting for six months. 4. Less Pressure & Stress One of the most worrying things among CA students is the pressure to clear CA Final exams in just 2 attempts (i.e., May & November). Due to frequent exams, the students can remain calm and manage their attempts well. 5. Better Success Rate Because now the students get more opportunities to clear the CA Final Exam in less time, the success rate overall could increase in the future. Potential Challenges & Concerns While the move is great, there are some challenges as well that the students may face: 1. Increased Pressure For Preparation Additional exams mean the students need to be prepared around the clock. Previously, they used to get six months in between attempts, but now they have only four months for preparation. 2. Financial Burden Will Be More Every attempt needs exam fees, coaching fees, and study materials. Students making repeated attempts could spend more. 3. Juggling Articleship With More Frequent Exams A majority of students are unable to conduct articleship training and exam prep concurrently. Exams are increasingly frequent, making it potentially an issue to perform both. 4. Difficulty Level Of Exams ICAI could have the same level of difficulty or a higher one given that students currently have additional chances. This can affect the total pass percentage. 5. Ambiguity Regarding Implementation ICAI has not yet provided detailed guidelines on how this rule will be implemented. Until official clarity is given, students should wait for further updates. ICAI’s Post Qualification Course In Information Systems Audit (ISA) Also Updated Besides the CA Final exams, ICAI has also revised the Post Qualification Course in Information Systems Audit (ISA) schedule. ISA is a course for qualified CAs seeking to specialize in IT audits, cybersecurity, and risk management. Major Updates For The ISA Course: New Exam Schedule: February, June, and October (replacing June & December) Who Can Apply? Qualified Chartered Accountants only Why This Change? To cater to the increasing requirement of IT audit professionals in the finance sector The ISA certification enhances the profile of a CA, particularly for those who aspire to work in forensic accounting, IT risk management, and digital finance. How Should Students Adapt To This Change?   Since ICAI has now rolled out this significant update, CA aspirants must rework their study strategy and plan as well. 1. Make a More Organized Study Plan As the exam cycle is shorter today, students need to: Revise concepts regularly Practice mock tests and previous year’s papers regularly. Work on time management while studying. 2. Manage Finances For Multiple Attempts Since exam fees and coaching charges will be higher with multiple attempts, students must plan their finances accordingly so that they are not financially strained. 3. Manage Articleship & Exam Preparation Since exams will be conducted regularly, balancing practical training and study will

Big 4 Vs Medium Firm Articleship: Which One Is Better?   The Institute of Chartered Accountants of India (ICAI) regulates the three levels of the Chartered Accountancy curriculum, ie CA-Foundation, CA-Intermediate, and CA-Final. Every CA student has to do articleship after clearing both foundation and intermediate levels.  Only post the completion of articleship, a CA student can appear for CA-Final exams.  The Chartered Accountancy (CA) articleship is a crucial phase in the journey of becoming a CA. One of the biggest dilemmas CA students face is choosing between a Big 4 firm (Deloitte, PwC, EY, and KPMG) or a medium-sized firm for their articleship. Choosing between a Big 4 vs Medium Firm articleship will shape your career path, offering distinct experiences in terms of work exposure, learning opportunities, and professional growth. It provides hands-on experience and exposure to various aspects of finance, taxation, and audit.  1. Work Exposure and Learning Opportunities in Articleship: Big 4 vs Medium Firms Comparison Big 4 Firms: Expertise in particular fields, such as advisory, tax, or audit. Exposure to well-known clients, such as listed businesses and global firms. Advanced work techniques, such as utilising modern technologies and international best practices. Medium Firms: Experience in a variety of practical fields, including accounting, taxation, GST, audit, and ROC (Registrar of Companies) compliance. Direct client contacts, which improves comprehension of how the business is run. Increased participation in decision-making procedures and task completion from start to finish. 2. Stipend and Perks during Articleship in Big 4 vs Medium Firms Big 4 Firms: Usually provide competitive packages and higher stipends/salaries. Extra benefits include professional training sessions, team trips, and travel expenses. Access to international certifications and instructional materials. Medium Firms: Stipends could be competitive, but they might be less than Big 4. A more customised work environment with less rewards. More hands-on learning but less organised training. 3. Flexibility and Mobility in Articleship Roles: Big 4 vs Medium Firms Big 4 Firms: Strict company standards and disciplined work assignments mean less flexibility. Greater probability of interdepartmental transfers and international mobility. Limited control over project selection due to predefined roles and responsibilities. Medium Firms: More flexibility in work schedules and role assignments. More freedom to select the industry and projects to work on. Reduced worldwide travel but increased local exposure to a variety of fields. 4. Personality Development and Communication Skills Gained through Articleship: Big 4 vs Medium Firms Big 4 Firms: Professionalism and business manners are enhanced by exposure to high-profile clients. Engaging with senior management on a regular basis improves negotiation and leadership abilities. Discipline and adaptability are promoted by strict organisational cultures. Medium Firms: Handling clients more directly boosts self-esteem and social skills. Greater responsibility at an early stage leads to faster personal development. Stronger bonds and teamwork are supported in an informal closely linked workplace. Your professional ambitions and interests will determine whether you choose to complete your articleship with a Big 4 vs medium firm. Greater stipends, global exposure, and flexibility are offered by Big 4 firms, whereas more varied exposure and possibly better chances for practical experience and specialisation are offered by smaller firms. A Big 4 firm is a superior choice if you’re looking for a high-paying corporate position with worldwide exposure and specialisation. A medium firm is an excellent option if you intend to launch your own practice, want varied exposure, and desire a healthy work-life balance. FAQs Frequently Asks Questions Is it worth joining articleship in a big 4 firms or with a mid firm? The choice between a Big 4 firm and other firms for your CA articleship depends on your career goals, learning preferences, and work-life balance priorities. If you seek high-profile client exposure, extensive training, and brand prestige, a Big 4 firm might be the right choice. What is the difference between big 4 vs medium firm? Big 4 firms (Deloitte, EY, KPMG, PwC) are global, handle large clients, and offer wide services. Mid-size firms serve smaller clients, focus more on personal attention, and may offer regional expertise but with less global exposure. What is the stipend for a mid-size CA firm? The stipend for a mid-size CA firm typically ranges from ₹5,000 to ₹15,000 per month for articleship. This can vary based on factors like the specific firm, location, and the trainee’s year of articleship.

How To Apply For ICAI Certified Copies Or Revaluation For CA Exams The results of CA exams can sometimes be surprising, leaving students wondering if their answer sheets were evaluated correctly. If you believe there has been a mistake in the marking, you have the option to apply for ICAI Certified Copies and Verification (Revaluation) of Marks. There are two ways to request your ICAI Certified Copies  answer sheets: Through ICAI’s Official Process Using the RTI (Right To Information) Act In this blog, we’ll discuss both methods, their advantages and disadvantages, and a step-by-step guide to help you apply. ICAI Instructions For Verification Of Marks Whether any question has remained unchecked. Totalling error in any question or total marks on the cover page. Discrepancy between step-wise marks & total marks for each question indicated on the cover page. NOTE: Re-evaluation or re-checking is not allowed under ICAI guidelines Instructions For ICAI Certified Copies Through ICAI Portal Scanned copies of students’ evaluated answer sheets are shared for downloading (through email sent). In case the “Inspection” option is selected, students have to visit the ICAI Office for checking papers (not recommended). Before sharing copies with students, ICAI also does verification of marks. Method 1: ICAI’s Official Process For Certified Copies & Verification What is ICAI Certified Copies Process & Verification?      ICAI allows students to apply for: Verification Of Marks: This is not a re-evaluation, but ICAI checks for totaling errors, unchecked answers, and discrepancies. Certified Copies: You can request scanned copies of your evaluated answer sheets. Step-By-Step Guide To Apply Via ICAI – Visit the ICAI Exam Portal: https://eservices.icai.org/ – Login/Register: If you are a first-time user, register using your Student Registration Number (SRN) and other details. Otherwise, log in with your credentials. – Select Your Option: Choose either: ‘Verification of Answer Books’ (for revaluation) ‘Certified Copies/Inspection’ (to get a copy of your evaluated answer sheet) – Enter Examination Details: Fill in your exam name, roll number, and the subjects you wish to apply for. – Upload a Scanned Application: Download the generated application form, sign it, and scan it in PDF format. Upload the scanned copy on the portal. – Make the Payment: ₹100 per subject for verification (maximum ₹400 for all papers in a group). ₹500 per paper for certified copies. Payments can be made by net banking or a debit or credit card. – Receive Confirmation: After submitting the application, you will receive an acknowledgment. There is no need to send a physical copy to ICAI. Processing Time The verification process usually takes 2-4 weeks, but it can sometimes take longer. Certified copies are provided within 30 days from the date of application. Method 2: Applying For Certified Copies Via RTI The Right to Information (RTI) Act allows students to directly request their answer sheets from ICAI at a much lower cost than the official method. Why Choose RTI Over ICAI’s Process? Lower Cost: RTI application fee is just ₹10, while ICAI charges ₹500 per subject.Legal Transparency: ICAI is legally bound to provide certified copies under RTI.Response: ICAI must reply within 30 days under the RTI Act. Step-By-Step Guide To Apply Via RTI Step 1: Access the RTI Online Portal Visit the official RTI portal at   Step 2: Submit a New RTI Request Click on “Submit Request” to initiate a new application. Step 3: Agree to Terms and Conditions Read and accept the terms and conditions to proceed. Step 4: Identify the Relevant Public Authority In the “Public Authority” field, enter “Institute of Chartered Accountants of India” and select it from the dropdown list. Step 5: Fill in Applicant Details Provide your personal information, including name, address, contact details, and educational qualifications. Step 6: Specify RTI Request Details In the “Text for RTI Request Application” section, include the following information:   To,   The Public Information Officer,   The Institute of Chartered Accountants of India,   ICAI Bhawan, Indraprastha Marg,   New Delhi – 110002   Subject: Request for Certified Copies of Answer Sheets under RTI Act, 2005   Dear Sir/Madam,   I am [Your Name], a CA student with Registration No. [Your Reg. Number]. I appeared for the [Exam Name] in [Month & Year] and request certified copies of my evaluated answer sheets for the following subjects:   [Subject Name – Paper Code]   [Subject Name – Paper Code]   I have enclosed the RTI fee of ₹10 via [ internet banking, credit, or debit card. ]. Kindly provide the requested copies within 30 days as per the RTI Act.   Thank you.   Sincerely,   [Your Name]   [Your Contact Details]     Step 7: Pay the RTI Application Fee The fee is ₹10, payable via: Indian Postal Order (IPO) Demand Draft (DD) Online RTI portal (if available) Step 8: Send Your Application Send the RTI request via Online Application by visiting to the RTI Online Portal. Keep a copy of the application and the postal receipt. Step 9: Wait For he Response ICAI must respond within 30 days as per the RTI Act, 2005. If ICAI does not provide the answer sheets within 30 days, you can: File a First Appeal to the First Appellate Authority (FAA), ICAI. If the FAA does not respond, escalate it to the Central Information Commission (CIC). Which option to choose – Go for verification only in case of objective papers. In case of descriptive papers, always go for certified copies since they already include verification of marks. For certified copies, choose ICAI route when:- > Students also wants to try verification so that marks may be increased > Student wants timely certified copies so that he can use them to prepare for next attempt learning from his mistakes Choose the RTI route for certified copies when the student is in no hurry to see his certified copies and also doesn’t want verification. Many students successfully use RTI to get their answer sheets at a much lower cost than ICAI’s process. If you feel your marks don’t reflect your performance, don’t hesitate to apply! FAQs Frequently Asks Questions How many days will it

CA FINAL COURSE ADMISSION   Upon successfully clearing the Intermediate Examination and AICITSS Training, a student must enroll in the Final Course. The CA Final Course is divided into two groups: Group I and Group II. Each group consists of three papers. Registration Procedure ICAI has a centralized Self-Service Portal to streamline the registration process. This portal handles all administrative interactions throughout a student’s journey, including the Intermediate and Final courses, eliminating the need for in-person visits or physical document submissions. Students are required to upload self-attested documents directly through the portal. Candidate has to visit https://www.icai.org/post/students-services to reach the Service Portal for the process. During the CA Final Course registration, students must also register for the Self-Paced Online Modules. The registration form for the CA Final Course includes an option to select subjects under Self-Paced Online Module Sets C and D. No additional fee is required for registering in the Self-Paced Online Modules, which include Sets A, B, C, and D. Upon successful registration, students will receive instructions to order study materials via the Centralized Distribution System Portal, i.e., https://cds.icai.org/#/ Registration Fees Details Rupees (t) For Foreign Students Final Registration Fee 22,000* $ 1,000 Students from the Union Territories of Jammu, Kashmir, and Ladakh, as well as the North-Eastern states, were granted a 75% concession on the CA Final Course Registration Fee (Rs. 5500) for registrations made between September 20, 2019, and March 31, 2022. This concession has now been extended from April 1, 2022, to March 31, 2025, and is also applicable to candidates from the Andaman and Nicobar Islands registering during this period. A 75% concession on the CA Final Course Registration Fee (Rs. 5500) has been granted to the wards of deceased members, effective from April 1, 2022. ADMISSION TO FINAL EXAMINATION Students will be eligible to appear for the Final Examination if: They are enrolled in the CA Final Course. Has completed Practical Training at least six months before the first day of the month in which the examination is scheduled. Has completed the Advanced Integrated Course on Information Technology and Soft Skills (Adv. IT & MCS). Has complete and Passed the Self-Paced Online Modules. 2. Students are required to pay the examination fees as determined by the Council for the Final Examination. 3. The CA Final Course subjects are divided into two groups, each consisting of three papers. Students have the option to study and appear for the examination either group-wise or for both groups simultaneously. Note: Students are encouraged to visit the website www.icai.org regularly to stay informed about any latest updates or developments. REQUIREMENTS FOR PASSING FINAL EXAMINATION A candidate can choose to appear for both groups simultaneously or take one group in one examination and the remaining group in a subsequent examination. The candidate is considered to have passed the Final Examination, if he passes both the groups  A candidate will generally be declared to have passed both groups simultaneously if he:  Achieves at least 40% marks in each paper of both groups and a minimum of 50% marks in the overall aggregate of all papers in each group.                or Obtains at least 40% marks in each paper of both groups in a single attempt and a minimum of 50% marks in the combined aggregate of all papers across both groups. 2.A candidate shall be declared to have passed in a group if he Achieves at least 40% marks in each paper of the group in attempt and a minimum of 50% marks in the overall aggregate of all papers in that group. There is no negative marking for objective-type questions. EXEMPTION A student who attempts all the papers in a Group/Unit and fails in one or more but secures at least 60% marks in any paper(s) of that Group/Unit will be eligible for an exemption in those paper(s) for the next three subsequent examinations. This means that while availing of the exemption, the student must clear the remaining papers within any of the next three attempts. The student will be considered to have passed that Group/Unit if, in a single attempt, they secure at least 40% marks in each paper of the Group/Unit and a minimum of 50% of the total marks across all papers in the Group/Unit, including those for which they previously secured a minimum of 60% marks. No additional exemptions will be granted for the remaining papers in that Group/Unit until the exemptions already provided have been utilized. Suppose a candidate has exhausted the exemption granted under sub-regulation (6) of Regulation 38E and has not cleared the respective Group or Unit. In that case, they may choose to continue the exemption for subsequent examinations. However, in this scenario, the candidate must secure at least 50% marks in each of the remaining papers of that Group or Unit to be declared as having passed the Group or Unit. FAQs Frequently Asks Questions How to apply for CA Final? To apply for the CA Final exam, you need to first register for the CA Final course on the ICAI’s Self-Service Portal (SSP) https://eservices.icai.org/    You’ll log in using your existing registration ID and password, then select “Student Cycle” and “CA Final Course”. After that, you’ll fill out the registration form, upload the necessary documents, and make the registration fee payment. What is the fee for CA Final? The total fee for the ICAI CA Final course is ₹39,800 for both groups and ₹38,300 for a single group. This fee comprises the CA Final registration fee of ₹22,000 and the exam form fee, which is ₹3,300 for both groups and ₹1,800 for a single group.

The Chartered Accountant Salary in India: An In-Depth Analysis   A Chartered Accountant (CA) is one of the most respected and sought-after professions in India. Chartered Accountant Salary packages in India are highly impressive. Known for their expertise in finance, accounting, taxation, and auditing, CAs play a crucial role in the corporate and financial world. Given their vital role, one of the most frequently asked questions about this profession is, “What is the salary of a CA in India?” In this blog, we will break down the Chartered Accountant salary trends in India based on experience, location, and other factors. 1. The Entry-Level Chartered Accountant salary in India For fresh CAs, who have just completed their qualification, the starting salary can vary greatly based on the company, industry, and location. On average, the salary for a new CA can range from ₹6 lakhs to ₹10 lakhs per annum. Factors that affect the entry-level salary:  – Company Type: Larger, multinational corporations or Big Four accounting firms like Deloitte, KPMG, EY, and PwC tend to offer higher salaries to fresh CAs compared to smaller, regional firms.  – Location: In urbanite cities like Mumbai, Delhi, Bengaluru, or Gurgaon, the salaries are on the higher end of the spectrum. In contrast, smaller cities and towns may offer slightly lower compensation.  – Industry: CAs working in sectors like banking, finance, and consulting typically earn higher salaries than those working in public practice or smaller firms. 2. The Mid-Level Chartered Accountant Salary in India As a CA gains experience (typically 3-7 years), their salary sees a significant increase. At this stage, professionals are likely to be promoted to roles such as senior accountant, audit manager, or financial analyst. Mid-level Chartered Accountant salary in India typically ranges from ₹10 lakhs to ₹20 lakhs per annum, depending on their expertise and the organization’s size. Key factors influencing salary at the mid-level: Experience: With 3-5 years of experience, CAs can demand a salary closer to ₹15-20 lakhs, especially if they have specialized skills in tax, audit, or financial advisory. Industry and Job Role: A senior role in a corporate environment or with a global accounting firm will offer a higher salary compared to public practice. 3. The Senior-Level Chartered Accountant Salary in India With 7 or more years of experience, Chartered Accountants usually take up managerial, senior managerial, or even executive roles. These include positions like finance manager, CFO (Chief Financial Officer), senior audit partner, or finance director. Senior-level Chartered Accountant salary in India can range from ₹20 lakhs to ₹50 lakhs per annum, with the potential for even higher earnings in some cases. Salary influencers at the senior level: Leadership Responsibilities: Senior CAs are expected to manage large teams and have a key decision-making role, which contributes to their higher salary. Industry: Professionals in sectors like investment banking, private equity, and corporate finance can earn significantly more than those in traditional accounting firms. Global Exposure: CAs working for multinational corporations or those managing international clients may earn a premium over their domestic counterparts. 4. Highest Earning Potential for a CA in India At the peak of their career, a CA can rise to executive-level positions, including CFO (Chief Financial Officer), Finance Director, or Partner in an accounting firm. In these roles, salaries can rise beyond ₹50 lakhs per annum, and in some cases, even surpass ₹1 crore annually, especially if there are profit-sharing arrangements or equity stakes involved. 5. Factors Influencing Chartered Accountant Salaries in India While experience, company size, and location play a major role, several other factors also influence the overall Chartered Accountant salary and earning potential: Specialization: CAs with expertise in high-demand areas such as International Taxation, Forensic Accounting, or Risk Management may command higher salaries. Certifications and Additional Qualifications: Pursuing additional qualifications like a CFA (Chartered Financial Analyst), CPA (Certified Public Accountant), or an MBA in Finance can further boost earning potential. Industry Trends: As businesses evolve and regulatory frameworks change, areas like GST (Goods and Services Tax) and IFRS (International Financial Reporting Standards) are increasingly important. CAs who specialize in these fields may earn higher salaries. Additional Perks and Benefits for CAs Apart from a competitive Chartered Accountant salary, many CAs also enjoy additional perks, such as: Annual Bonuses: Most companies offer performance-linked bonuses, which can substantially increase total earnings. Stock Options: Some CAs working in startups or large corporations may be offered stock options as part of their compensation. Health Insurance and Retirement Benefits: Comprehensive health insurance, life insurance, and retirement benefits like provident fund (PF) and gratuity are common perks in large organizations. 6. The Role of the CA in the Indian Economy India’s growing economy, coupled with the expanding corporate sector, has made the demand for skilled Chartered Accountants even more critical. Whether it’s advising on mergers and acquisitions, managing financial risks, or ensuring compliance with the latest tax laws, the role of a CA is indispensable. Additionally, the rise of digitalization, automation, and artificial intelligence is opening new avenues for CAs, such as financial analytics, blockchain technology, and cyber risk management, which can potentially lead to even higher salaries. Conclusion The Chartered Accountant salary in India varies based on experience, location, industry, and specialization. As one advances in their career, the potential for higher compensation increases significantly. For those entering the profession, the rewards are certainly worth the hard work and dedication required to pass the rigorous CA exams. The future looks bright for CAs in India, with increasing demand for financial expertise and evolving economic landscapes. Whether you’re just starting out or are already an experienced professional, pursuing a career as a Chartered Accountant offers not only job stability but also the potential for a lucrative salary. FAQs Frequently Asks Questions What is the salary of CA monthly? A Chartered Accountant (CA) salary in India varies widely based on experience and location, but a general estimate for a fresher is around INR 50,000 – 65,000 per month. With more experience, a CA’s monthly salary can significantly increase,

SPOM Syllabus: Strengthen Your Learning Path The assessment will be conducted online using multiple-choice questions. For SETS A and B, the questions will be scenario-based, requiring expert knowledge. These will assess a range of skills, including knowledge and comprehension, application and analysis, as well as evaluation and synthesis. For SETS C and D, the assessment will include a mix of independent MCQs and scenario-based MCQs, focusing on working knowledge. These will evaluate knowledge and comprehension, as well as application and analysis. The specific details are currently being finalized and will be shared with the students once ready. Requirement for passing Self-Paced Online Modules (SPOM) Passing Criteria for Self-Paced Online Modules (SPOM): To be eligible for the Final Examination, students must complete the online modules (SETS) by achieving a minimum score of 50% in each module. There is no limit on the number of attempts allowed. Students may also change their chosen subjects for SET C and SET D, if desired. The scores obtained in these Self-Paced Online Modules (SPOM) will not be combined with the marks from core papers for overall assessment purposes. SPOM Syllabus The syllabus of each subject contains an objective statement and contents. In SET A Corporate and Economic Laws and SET B Strategic Cost and Performance Management, students are expected to acquire expert knowledge. Working knowledge is expected for Self-Paced Online Modules (SPOM) opted in SETS C and D.  SET C offers ten electives, from which a student can select one according to their area of interest. Aligned with the vision of the National Education Policy, 2020 (NEP, 2020), which advocates for a holistic and multidisciplinary approach to education that nurtures intellectual, aesthetic, social, physical, emotional, and moral growth in an integrated manner, students are required to choose one of four options: The Constitution of India & Art of Advocacy, Psychology & Philosophy, Entrepreneurship & Start-Up Ecosystem, and Digital Ecosystem & Controls. This would facilitate high-quality, holistic and multidisciplinary education through online learning, emphasizing “how to think” over “what to think”. These creative combinations of disciplines foster cross-disciplinary thinking among students, enabling them to apply innovative reasoning to real-life challenges they may face in their professional practice or employment after qualifying as Chartered Accountants. Subjects SET A Corporate and Economic Laws (Mandatory) (100 Marks) SET B Strategic Cost and Performance Management (Mandatory) (100 Marks) SET C Elective (100 Marks)  (Opt for any one of the below options ) Management of Risk Sustainable Development and Sustainability Reporting  Government Accounting and Public Finance The Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code of 2016 International Taxation The Arbitration and Conciliation Act, 1996 Forensic Accounting Valuation Financial Services and Capital Markets Forex and Treasury Management SET D Towards developing inherent traits of CA Students and incorporating Multidisciplinary approach envisaged in NEP,2020 (Opt for any one of the below options) The Constitution of India & Art of Advocacy Psychology and Philosophy Entrepreneurship and Start-up Ecosystem Digital Ecosystem and Controls A student is required to complete online learning in Corporate and Economic Laws [SET A] and Strategic Cost and Performance Management [SET B] as mandatory modules. Additionally, the student must select one module from both SET C and SET D. SYLLABUS : SET A PAPER : CORPORATE AND ECONOMIC LAWS (100 MARKS) PART I : CORPORATE LAWS (70 MARKS)       – SECTION A : COMPANY LAW (50 MARKS) Objective To develop the skill to analyze, interpret, and apply the provisions of Company Law in real-world scenarios. Contents The Companies Act, 2013, and the Rules established under it, with a specific focus on the provisions governing the following topics: Director Appointments and Qualifications Managerial Personnel: Appointment and Remuneration Board Meetings and Their Powers Inspection, Investigation, and Inquiry Compromises, Arrangement, and Amalgamations Prevention of Oppression and Mismanagement Winding Up Miscellaneous Provisions Adjudication, Special Courts, and the National Company Law Tribunal e- Filing      – SECTION B : SECURITIES LAWS    (20 MARKS) Objective To acquire the ability to analyze the significant provisions of the SEBI Act. Contents An Overview of the Securities and Exchange Board of India Act, 1992, with references to the following Regulations: SEBI (Listing Obligations and Disclosure Requirements) Regulations, 2015 SEBI (Issue of Capital and Disclosure Requirements) Regulations, 2018 SEBI (Substantial Acquisition of Shares and Takeovers) Regulations, 2011 SEBI (Prohibition of Insider Trading) Regulations, 2015 PART II : ECONOMIC LAWS (30 MARKS) Objective To acquire the ability to analyze the essential provisions of specific Economic Laws. Contents The Foreign Exchange Management Act, 1999 and  significant Rules and Regulations: An Introduction, Broad Structure of FEMA , Definitions, Regulation and Management of Foreign Exchange, Brief of Contraventions and Penalties, and Miscellaneous Provisions. The Foreign Contribution Regulation Act, 2010 and its Regulations: Definitions, Regulation of Foreign Contributions, and Miscellaneous Provisions. The Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code, 2016,and significant Rules and Regulations : Key concepts covered up to Section 33 of the Code. Note: If new laws are introduced to replace existing ones, the syllabus will incorporate the relevant provisions of these new legislations, effective from the date notified by the Institute.  The specific inclusions/exclusions in the various topics covered in the syllabus will be affected every year by way of study guidelines, if any. SYLLABUS : SET B PAPER : STRATEGIC COST & PERFORMANCE MANAGEMENT (100 MARKS) Objective To develop the ability to apply various cost management techniques for planning and controlling performance, to set, monitor, and manage strategic objectives. To enhance skills in analysis, synthesis, and evaluation in cost management, to address challenges and issues that may impact or influence performance management within organizations. PART A : STRATEGIC COST MANAGEMENT 1. An Introduction to Strategic Cost Management i.  Managing Cost Strategically: Managing Strategic Cost , Limitations of Traditional Cost Management, and Traditional vs. Strategic Cost Management.      ii.  Organisational Context: Achieving Competitive Advantage, Value Proposition, and Osterwalder’s Business Model Canvas.      iii.  External Environment Context: Industry Profitability, Basis of Competition, Key Success Factors in the Industry, and Understanding Customers and Markets.      iv.  Information Technology the Strategic Context : IS/IT

Self-Paced Online Modules About Self-Paced Online Modules In today’s rapidly evolving economic landscape, the Institute must adopt a fresh strategy for enhancing, updating, and delivering professional accountancy education and training. The development of chartered accountants should prioritize critical thinking, interdisciplinary approaches, research, and innovation. Accordingly, four self-paced online modules [SETS A, B, C, and D], covering various fields, have been introduced under the ICAI Scheme of Education and Training (New Scheme 2023). As the name suggests, students can learn and complete these modules at their own pace after passing the Intermediate-level Examination. SET A and SET B would comprise mandatory online modules, namely, Corporate and Economic Laws and Strategic Cost and Performance Management, respectively. SET C and SET D would comprise online modules, where a basket of options would be made available to a student, and he can choose one under each set from the options available to him. Manner Of learning The learning modules/study materials for the Self-Paced Online Modules will be provided to the students in e-Books. In the case of SET A and SET B, physical copies would also be provided to students. Besides e-books, video lectures of industry experts with rich practical exposure in the relevant subject area will be made available to the students through the Digital Learning Hub (DLH). The learning through these video lectures can be monitored through DLH itself. Students would be required to complete the minimum prescribed learning hours for each self-paced online module they opt for. Special sessions would also be organized periodically to address the queries of students. Registration Process After clearing the Intermediate Examination, students must register for the Final Course. During this registration process, they are also required to enroll in the Self-Paced Online Module. The Final Course registration form includes an option to select subjects from Set C and Set D of the Self-Paced Online Module. No additional fees are charged for registering for the Self-Paced Online Modules, which comprise Sets A, B, C, and D. Visit this official site: https://www.icai.org/ Subjects: SET A: Corporate and Economic Laws (100 Marks) SET B: Strategic Cost and Performance Management (100 Marks) SET C: Elective (100 Marks) (Any one of the following subjects needs to be opted) Risk Management Sustainable Development and Sustainability Reporting Public Finance and Government Accounting The Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code, 2016 International Taxation The Arbitration and Conciliation Act, 1996 Forensic Accounting Valuation Financial Services and Capital Markets Forex and Treasury Management SET D: Towards Developing Inherent Traits of CA Students and Incorporating Multidisciplinary Approach envisaged in NEP, 2020 (100 Marks) (Any one of the following subjects needs to be opted) The Constitution of India & Art of Advocacy Psychology & Philosophy Entrepreneurship & Start-up Ecosystem Digital Ecosystem and Controls A student is required to complete online learning in Corporate and Economic Laws [SET A] and Strategic Cost and Performance Management [SET B] as mandatory modules. Additionally, the student must select one module from both SET C and SET D. Syllabus: Each subject’s syllabus includes an objective statement and content details. In SET A (Corporate and Economic Laws) and SET B (Strategic Cost and Performance Management), students are expected to gain expert-level knowledge. Working Knowledge is expected for the Self-Paced Online Modules selected in SET C and SET D SET C offers ten elective options, from which a student can select one based on their interest. In alignment with the National Education Policy (NEP, 2020), which emphasizes a more holistic and multi-disciplinary approach to education, students are required to choose one of the following four options: The Constitution of India & Art of Advocacy; Psychology & Philosophy; Entrepreneurship & Start-Up Ecosystem; or Digital Ecosystem & Controls. This will support the development of intellectual, aesthetic, social, physical, emotional, and moral capacities in an integrated way. The focus is on fostering high-quality, online, holistic education that prioritizes “how to think” over “what to think.” These creative combinations of disciplines will encourage cross-disciplinary thinking among students, fostering innovative problem-solving skills for the real-life challenges they will face in their professional careers or employment after qualifying as chartered accountants. About Examination The assessment will be conducted online through multiple-choice questions, with case scenario-based questions for SETS A and B. For subjects in SETS C and D, the assessment will consist of both independent MCQs and case scenario-based MCQs. Expert knowledge is required for SETS A and B, where the evaluation will cover all skills, including knowledge and comprehension, application and analysis, as well as evaluation and synthesis. In SETS C and D, working knowledge is expected, and the assessment will focus on knowledge and comprehension, along with application and analysis. The detailed procedures are currently being developed and will be communicated to the students soon. Requirement For Passing Self-Paced Online Modules To be eligible for the Final Examination, a student must complete these online modules (SETS). The minimum passing mark for each module is 50%. There is no limit to the number of attempts allowed. Students are also permitted to change their selected subjects in SET C and SET D. The marks earned in the Self-Paced Online Modules will be considered separately and will not be combined with the marks from core papers for assessment purposes. FAQs Frequently Asks Questions What is a self-paced online module in CA? Self-Paced Online Module is a course which a student can learn and qualify at his/her own pace after registering for Final Course. Four self-paced online modules [SET A, SET B, SET C and SET D] encompassing different fields have been introduced in the New Scheme of Education and Training. How to apply for self-paced module test? At the time of registration of Final Course, students would also be registering for Self-Paced Online Modules. The form for Final Course registration will have the option for selecting the subjects under Self-Paced Online Modules SET C and SET D. No separate fee is payable for registration of Self-Paced Online Modules. What is the passing marks for spom? A student is declared to have qualified for

CA Intermediate Subjects Candidates can join the CA-Intermediate course either by clearing the Foundation level or through the Direct Entry route, which is available to graduates/postgraduates with the required marks or those who have cleared the CMA or CS Intermediate exams. The CA Intermediate Subjects divided into Two Groups, Six Papers Group I 1. Advanced Accounting                         (100 marks) 2. Corporate & Other laws                     (100 marks) 3. Taxation                    – Section A – Income-Tax law        (50 marks)         – Section B – Indirect Taxes           (50 marks)  Group II 4. Cost & Management Accounting      (100 marks) 5. Auditing & Ethics                                 (100 marks) 6A. Financial Management                    (50 marks) 6B. Strategic Management                     (50 marks) PAPER 1: ADVANCED ACCOUNTING (100 MARKS) Objective CA Intermediate subjects aim to develop the skills to apply relevant accounting standards and regulations to various transactions and events and prepare and present financial statements for diverse business entities. Contents 1. The process of developing Accounting Standards, including Indian Accounting Standards (Ind AS) aligned with IFRS, and International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS); a comparison between convergence and adoption; and an understanding of the objectives and principles behind carve-outs.  2. The framework for preparing and presenting financial statements by Accounting Standards. 3. (i) The relevance and application of Accounting Standards across different types of entities.      (ii) Implementation of Accounting Standards: Accounting Standard 1 – Disclosure of Accounting Policies Accounting Standard 2 – Inventory Valuation Accounting Standard 3 – Statement of Cash Flows Accounting Standard 4 – Uncertainties and Events Arising After the Balance Sheet Date Accounting Standard 5 – Net profit or loss for the period, adjustments from prior periods, and modifications to accounting policies. Accounting Standard 7 – Accounting for Construction Contracts Accounting Standard 9 – Recognition of Revenue Accounting Standard 10 –  Fixed Assets: Property, Plant, and Equipment Accounting Standard 11 –  Impact of Foreign Exchange Rate Fluctuations Accounting Standard 12 – Recording and Reporting of Government Grants Accounting Standard 13 –  Accounting For Investments Accounting Standard 14 –  Amalgamation Accounting (Excluding Inter-Company Holdings) Accounting Standard 15 –  Accounting for Employee Benefits Accounting Standard 16 –  Accounting for Borrowing Costs Accounting Standard 17 –  Reporting by Business Segments Accounting Standard 18 –  Disclosure of Related Party Transactions Accounting Standard 19 – Accounting for Leases Accounting Standard 20 – Calculation of Earnings Per Share (EPS) Accounting Standard 21 – Consolidated Financial Statements of a Single Subsidiary (Excluding Issues Related to Acquisition of Interest at Different Dates, Cross-Holding, Disposal of Subsidiary, and Foreign Subsidiaries) Accounting Standard 22 – Accounting For Taxes Accounting Standard 23 – Accounting for investments in associates as part of consolidated financial statements. Accounting Standard 24 – Handling discontinued operations. Accounting Standard 25 – Reporting of Interim Financial Statements Accounting Standard 26 – Accounting for Intangible Assets Accounting Standard 27 – Accounting for Interests in Joint Ventures Accounting Standard 28 – Accounting for Asset Impairment Accounting Standard 29 – Accounting for Provisions, Contingent Liabilities, and Contingent Assets 4. Accounting for Companies as covered in CA Intermediate subjects (i) Schedule III of the Companies Act, 2013 (ii) Preparation of Financial Statements – Income Statement, Balance Sheet, and Cash Flow Statement (iii) Repurchase of Shares or Securities (iv) Accounting for Company Reconstruction 5. Accounting for Branches, including International Branches, as taught in CA Intermediate subjects PAPER 2: CORPORATE AND OTHER LAWS (100 MARKS) PART I– COMPANY LAW AND LIMITED LIABILITY PARTNERSHIP LAW (70 MARKS) Objective To gain a thorough understanding of legal provisions and develop the ability to analyze and apply these laws in real-world scenarios, as emphasized in CA Intermediate subjects. Contents I   The Companies Act, 2013: Covering key regulations and the drafting of notices, resolutions, and other related documents, as part of the ca intermediate subjects . 1. Introduction to Preliminary Matters 2. Company Incorporation and Related Matters 3. Issuance of Prospectus and Allocation of Securities 4. Equity Capital and Debentures 5. Company’s Acceptance of Deposits 6. Charge Registration 7. Corporate Management and Administration 8. Dividend Declaration and Distribution 9. Financial Statements of Companies 10. Auditing and the Role of Auditors 11. Companies Established Outside India II  The Limited Liability Partnership ACT, 2008,  Along With Key Regulations PART II- OTHER LAWS (30 MARKS) Objective 1. To gain a comprehensive understanding of the General Clauses Act, as covered in CA Intermediate subjects. 2. To gain a thorough understanding of the principles and rules for interpreting statutes. 3. To acquire a fundamental understanding of the Foreign Exchange Management Act, 1999. Contents 1. The General Clauses Act, 1897: Key Definitions, Scope and Applicability, General Interpretation Rules, Powers and Authorities, Provisions Relating to Orders, Rules, and Other Enactments, along with Miscellaneous Provisions. 2. Interpretation of Statutes: Principles and Rules for Statutory Interpretation, Tools for Interpretation, and Guidelines for Interpreting Deeds and Documents. 3. The Foreign Exchange Management Act, 1999: Key Definitions and Concepts Related to Current and Capital Account Transactions. PAPER 3: TAXATION (100 MARKS) SECTION A: INCOME TAX LAW (50 MARKS) Objective 1. To gain a comprehensive understanding of the provisions under income tax law. 2. CA Intermediate subjects taxation aim to develop the ability to apply these provisions in solving problems and addressing practical, real-world issues. Contents 1. Basic concepts:   – Introduction to Income Tax Law   – Key concepts in income tax law, including terms such as person, assessee, previous year, assessment year, income, and agricultural income.   – Foundation of the Tax Liability   – Procedure for calculating total income and determining the tax payable for individuals. 2. CA Intermediate subjects cover residential status and the calculation of total income: